Richard Wagner's music is the most significant aesthetic association with Adolf Hitler and the musical stylings of National Socialism. However, in fact how clear was the connection between the musical romanticism of the late 1800s and the catastrophic, genocidal warfare of the 1940s? Dr. Alexandra Birch discusses her 2025 book, Hitler's Twilight of the Gods: Music and the Orchestration of War and Genocide in Europe in an historical context.